08 Jun

SODIUM, SPOT URINE

vincentochiengde

Category

ROUTINE CHEMISTRY

Sub Category

ELECTROLYTES

Synonym/Aliases

NA, SPOT URINE; NA+ SPOT URINE

Abbreviations

NA; NA+

Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST

Results

RESULTS READY WITHIN 3 HOURS

Method

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE

Temp

SAMPLE KEPT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 14 DAYS; 2-8ºC 14 DAYS; FROZEN (>30 DAYS)

Setup

ALL WORKING DAYS

Components Parameters

ALBUMIN SERUM, ALBUMIN FLUID

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

- N/A

Sample type

URINE

Container/ preservative

CLEAN, LEAK PROOF CONTAINER

Sample volume

5 ML SPOT URINE

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE.

Other Instructions

- N/A

Reference intervals

NOT ESTABLISHED. INTERPRETIVE REMARKS PROVIDED.

Clinical Utility

EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH HYPOVOLEMIA, HYPONATREMIA & ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI).

Test Limitations / Confounders

- N/A
08 Jun

SODIUM

vincentochiengde

Category

ROUTINE CHEMISTRY

Sub Category

ELECTROLYTES

Synonym/Aliases

SODIUM, SERUM

Abbreviations

NA; NA+

Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST

Results

RESULTS READY WITHIN 2-3 HOURS

Method

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE)

Temp

SAMPLE KEPT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 2-3 HOURS; 2-8ºC 7 DAYS; FROZEN 3 DAYS

Setup

ALL WORKING DAYS

Components Parameters

ALBUMIN SERUM, ALBUMIN FLUID

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

- N/A

Sample type

SERUM

Container/ preservative

SERUM SEPARATOR TUBE (SST/ GEL) OR PLAIN (RED TOP) VACUTAINER.

Sample volume

3ML

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE.

Other Instructions

SERUM GEL TUBES SHOULD BE CENTRIFUGED WITHIN 1-2 HOURS OF COLLECTION. RED-TOP TUBES SHOULD BE CENTRIFUGED AND ALIQUOTED WITHIN 1-2 HOURS OF COLLECTION.

Reference intervals

133-146 MMOL/L

Clinical Utility

EVALUATION OF ELECTROLYTE BALANCE (SUSPECTED HYPONATREMIA & HYPERNATREMIA) OR ACID BASE BALANCE.

Test Limitations / Confounders

- N/A
08 Jun

SERUM-ASCITES ALBUMIN GRADIENT (SAAG)

vincentochiengde

Category

ROUTINE CHEMISTRY

Sub Category

FLUID ANALYSIS

Synonym/Aliases

- N/A

Abbreviations

SAAG

Type

PROFILE/ PANEL (BUNDLED TESTS)

Results

RESULTS READY WITHIN 2-3 HOURS

Method

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC

Temp

SAMPLE KEPT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 2-3 HOURS, 2-8ºC 7 DAYS, FROZEN 14 DAYS

Setup

ALL WORKING DAYS

Components Parameters

ALBUMIN SERUM, ALBUMIN FLUID

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY. SPECIFY FLUID TYPE/ SITE.

Patient preparation

- N/A

Sample type

TWO CONCURRENTLY COLLECTED SAMPLES ARE REQUIRED I.E. ASCITIC/ PERITONEAL FLUID AND SERUM.

Container/ preservative

FLUID IN STERILE CONTAINER; SERUM SEPARATOR TUBE (SST/ GEL) OR PLAIN (RED TOP) VACUTAINER.

Sample volume

3ML ASCITIC FLUID PLUS 2ML SERUM

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE.

Other Instructions

N/A

Reference intervals

CUTOFFS FOR HIGH & LOW VALUES PROVIDED WITH REPORT ALONG WITH ASSOCIATED CLINICAL CONDITIONS.

Clinical Utility

DISTINGUISH ASCITES CAUSED BY PORTAL HYPERTENSION FROM OTHER CAUSES OF ASCITES.

Test Limitations / Confounders

- N/A
08 Jun

ROUTINE EXAMINATION, FLUID

vincentochiengde

Category

ROUTINE CHEMISTRY

Sub Category

FLUID ANALYSIS

Synonym/Aliases

PLEURAL FLUID ANALYSIS. PERITONEAL OR ASCITIC FLUID ANALYSIS. SYNOVIAL OR JOINT FLUID ANALYSIS. ROUTINE EXAMINATION, PERICARDIAL FLUID.

Abbreviations

- N/A

Type

PROFILE/ PANEL (BUNDLED TESTS)

Results

RESULTS READY WITHIN 2 WORKING DAYS

Method

MACROSCOPIC, MICROSCOPIC & BIOCHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF FLUIDS OTHER THAN CSF, URINE, BLOOD & SEMEN.

Temp

SAMPLE KEPT ATROOM TEMPERATURE 2-3 HOURS, 2-8ºC 3 DAYS, FROZEN N/A

Setup

ALL WORKING DAYS

Components Parameters

VISUAL EXAMINATION, BIOCHEMICAL EXAMINATION (TOTAL PROTEIN, GLUCOSE), MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION (RBC & WBC CELL COUNTS; GRAM STAIN, INDIA INK PREPARATION).

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY. SPECIFY FLUID TYPE/ SITE.

Patient preparation

- N/A

Sample type

VARIABLE I.E. PLEURAL FLUID, PERITONEAL/ ASCITIC FLUID; SYNOVIAL/ JOINT FLUID ETC.

Container/ preservative

STERILE CONTAINER

Sample volume

AT LEAST 3ML

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE.

Other Instructions

TO APPLY LIGHT'S CRITERIA FOR PLEURAL FLUID ASSESSMENT, CONCURRENT SERUM SAMPLE AND ORDER FOR TOTAL PROTEIN (SERUM) & LDH (SERUM) TESTING IS REQUIRED. TO CALCULATE SERUM-ASCITES ALBUMIN GRADIENT (SAAG) FOR ASCITIC/ PERITONEAL FLUID, CONCURRENT SERUM SAMPLE & ORDER FOR ALBUMIN (SERUM) IS REQUIRED. FOR SYNOVIAL FLUID ANALYSIS, ADD ORDER FOR CRYSTAL EXAMINATION BY POLARIZING MICROSCOPY WHEN GOUT OR PSEUDOGOUT IS SUSPECTED.

Reference intervals

AGE AND GENDER APPROPRIATE VALUES PROVIDED WITH THE REPORT

Clinical Utility

ASSESSMENT OF PLEURAL EFFUSIONS, JOINT EFFUSIONS, PERICARDIAL EFFUSIONS, ASCITES & PERITONITIS.

Test Limitations / Confounders

DOES NOT INCLUDE CULTURE & SENSITIVITY. FOR THIS, AN ADDITIONAL SEPARATE ORDER MUST BE SPECIFIED.
08 Jun

ROUTINE EXAMINATION, CSF

vincentochiengde

Category

ROUTINE CHEMISTRY

Sub Category

FLUID ANALYSIS

Synonym/Aliases

ROUTINE EXAMINATION, CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; ROUTINE EXAMINATION, SPINAL FLUID; CSF ANALYSIS; SPINAL FLUID ANALYSIS.

Abbreviations

- N/A

Type

PROFILE/ PANEL (BUNDLED TESTS)

Results

RESULTS READY WITHIN 2 WORKING DAYS

Method

MACROSCOPIC, MICROSCOPIC & BIOCHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF CSF.

Temp

SAMPLE KEPT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE N/A; 2-8ºC 3 DAYS; FROZEN 30 DAYS.

Setup

ALL WORKING DAYS

Components Parameters

VISUAL EXAMINATION, BIOCHEMICAL EXAMINATION (TOTAL PROTEIN, GLUCOSE), MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION (RBC & WBC CELL COUNTS; GRAM STAIN, INDIA INK PREPARATION).

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

- N/A

Sample type

CSF

Container/ preservative

STERILE CONTAINER

Sample volume

AT LEAST 3ML DIVIDED BETWEEN 3-4 TUBES (≥1 ML PER TUBE).

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE.

Other Instructions

CSF SHOULD IDEALLY BE COLLECTED IN MULTIPLE TUBES LABELED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE COLLECTION SEQUENCE. WHEN THIS IS DONE, TUBE 1 IS USED FOR BIOCHEMICAL EXAMINATION, TUBE 2 FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTS & THE LAST TUBE DRAWN (TUBE 3/ 4) IS USED FOR CELL COUNTS.

Reference intervals

AS PER THE LATEST AMERICAN DIABETIC ASSOCIATION (ADA) CONSENSUS CRITERIA

Clinical Utility

ASSESSMENT OF SUSPECTED CNS DISORDERS E.G. MENINGOENCEPHALITIS, HEMORRHAGE, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, INVOLVEMENT BY CANCERS LIKE LEUKEMIAS ETC.

Test Limitations / Confounders

DOES NOT INCLUDE CULTURE & SENSITIVITY. FOR THIS, AN ADDITIONAL SEPARATE ORDER MUST BE SPECIFIED.
08 Jun

RANDOM PLASMA GLUCOSE

vincentochiengde

Category

ROUTINE CHEMISTRY

Sub Category

METABOLIC

Synonym/Aliases

RANDOM BLOOD GLUCOSE; RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR

Abbreviations

RBS

Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST

Results

RESULTS READY WITHIN 2-3 HOURS

Method

ENZYMATIC SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC

Temp

SAMPLE KEPT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 6 HOURS; 2-8ºC 2 DAYS; FROZEN PLASMA/ SERUM 7 DAYS

Setup

ALL WORKING DAYS

Components Parameters

N/A

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

- N/A

Sample type

PLASMA FLUORIDE. SEPARATED SERUM MAY ALSO BE ACCEPTABLE.

Container/ preservative

FLUORIDE/ OXALATE (GREY TOP) VACUTAINER.

Sample volume

AT LEAST 3 ML

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE; 24 HOUR URINE VOLUME NOT PROVIDED.

Other Instructions

ACCURACY OF RESULTS IS DEPENDENT ON COMPLETE COLLECTION & ACCURATE TIMING OF THE 24 HOUR URINE SAMPLE.

Reference intervals

AS PER THE LATEST AMERICAN DIABETIC ASSOCIATION (ADA) CONSENSUS CRITERIA

Clinical Utility

SCREENING FOR PRE-DIABETES AND DIABETES; MONITORING RESPONSE TO DIABETES TREATMENT; DIAGNOSE HYPOGLYCEMIA; HEALTH & WELLNESS ASSESSMENTS.

Test Limitations / Confounders

- N/A
08 Jun

PROTEIN, 24 HR URINE

vincentochiengde

Category

ROUTINE CHEMISTRY

Sub Category

ORGAN FUNCTION CHECKS

Synonym/Aliases

TOTAL PROTEIN, 24 HR URINE

Abbreviations

K

Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST

Results

RESULTS READY WITHIN 2 WORKING DAYS

Method

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC.

Temp

SAMPLE KEPT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 2-3 HOURS; 2-8ºC, 3 DAYS; FROZEN 30 DAYS.

Setup

ALL WORKING DAYS

Components Parameters

N/A

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY. TOTAL 24 HOUR URINE VOLUME (ML) IS REQUIRED.

Patient preparation

ACCURATELY TIMED 24 HOUR COLLECTION (E.G. 6A.M., DAY 1 TO 6A.M., DAY 2) IS CRUCIAL FOR RESULT ACCURACY. COLLECT URINE IN A CLEAN WIDE MOUTH CONTAINER & TRANSFER ENTIRE COLLECTION INTO THE CONTAINER THAT WAS PROVIDED BY THE LAB. REFRIGERATE DURING COLLECTION.

Sample type

24 HOUR URINE.

Container/ preservative

CLEAN, LEAK PROOF CONTAINER, NO PRESERVATIVE. REFRIGERATE DURING COLLECTION.

Sample volume

5-10ML ALIQUOT OF 24 HOUR URINE WITHOUT PRESERVATIVE. ORIGINAL (TOTAL) VOLUME IN ML MUST BE SPECIFIED ON THE REQUEST FORM.

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE (E.G. ACIDIFIED URINE); INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE; 24 HOUR URINE VOLUME NOT PROVIDED.

Other Instructions

ACCURACY OF RESULTS IS DEPENDENT ON COMPLETE COLLECTION & ACCURATE TIMING OF THE 24 HOUR URINE SAMPLE.

Reference intervals

AGE & GENDER APPROPRIATE VALUES ARE PROVIDED ON THE REPORT

Clinical Utility

EVALUATION OF PROTEINURIA & RENAL DISEASES.

Test Limitations / Confounders

- N/A
08 Jun

POTASSIUM

vincentochiengde

Category

ROUTINE CHEMISTRY

Sub Category

ELECTROLYTES

Synonym/Aliases

N/A

Abbreviations

K

Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST

Results

RESULTS READY WITHIN 2 - 3 HOURS

Method

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE)

Temp

SAMPLE KEPT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 2-3 HOURS, 2-8ºC 3 DAYS, FROZEN 7 DAYS

Setup

ALL WORKING DAYS

Components Parameters

N/A

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

NOT APPLICABLE

Sample type

SERUM

Container/ preservative

SERUM SEPARATOR TUBE (SST/ GEL) OR PLAIN (RED TOP) VACUTAINER

Sample volume

AT LEAST 3 ML

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE; HEMOLYZED SAMPLES

Other Instructions

CENTRIFUGE SST (SERUM GEL TUBES) WITHIN 1-2 HOURS OF COLLECTION. CENTRIFUGE RED TOP VACUTAINERS AND ALIQUOT SERUM WITHIN 1-2 HOURS OF COLLECTION. THE SEPARATION VIAL MUST BE LABELED WITH AT LEAST 2 PATIENT IDENTIFIERS AND THE SAMPLE TYPE.

Reference intervals

AGE AND GENDER APPROPRIATE VALUES PROVIDED WITH REPORT

Clinical Utility

SCREENING, EVALUATION OF ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA, MUSCULAR WEAKNESS, HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, RENAL FAILURE

Test Limitations / Confounders

PSEUDOHYPERKALEMIA CAN ARISE FROM ERRORS DURING SAMPLE COLLECTION, DIFFICULT COLLECTIONS, SAMPLE MISHANDLING RESULTING IN HEMOLYSIS; IT MAY ALSO ARISE FROM MISREPRESENTATION OF EDTA PLASMA AS SERUM; IT MAY ALSO OCCUR IN PATIENTS WITH MARKED LEUKOCYTOSIS & IN SUCH PATIENTS, TESTING SHOULD BE DONE USING LITHIUM HEPARIN PLASMA.
08 Jun

PHOSPHATE, INORGANIC, RANDOM URINE

vincentochiengde

Category

ROUTINE CHEMISTRY

Sub Category

ELECTROLYTES

Synonym/Aliases

PHOSPHORUS, SPOT URINE

Abbreviations

-N/A

Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST

Results

RESULTS READY WITHIN 3 WORKING DAYS

Method

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC

Temp

SAMPLE KEPT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 2-3 HOURS; 2-8ºC 1 DAY; FROZEN 7 DAYS

Setup

ALL WORKING DAYS

Components Parameters

N/A

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

NOT APPLICABLE

Sample type

SPOT URINE

Container/ preservative

SERUM SEPARATOR TUBE (SST/ GEL) OR PLAIN (RED TOP) VACUTAINER

Sample volume

AT LEAST 5 ML

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE.

Other Instructions

- N/A

Reference intervals

NO ESTABLISHED REFERENCE VALUES FOR RANDOM URINE SAMPLES. IT MAY BE INTERPRETED IN CONJUNCTION WITH SERUM PHOSPHORUS, USING BOTH VALUES TO CALCULATE FRACTIONAL EXCRETION OF CHLORIDE. THE CALCULATION FOR FRACTIONAL EXCRETION (FE) OF PHOSPHORUS IS FE(P)= ([P(URINE) X CREAT(SERUM)]/[P(SERUM) X CREAT(URINE)])X100

Clinical Utility

EVALUATION OF HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA OR NEPHROLITHIASIS

Test Limitations / Confounders

- N/A
08 Jun

PHOSPHATE, INORGANIC, SERUM

vincentochiengde

Category

Routine Chemistry

Sub Category

ELECTROLYTES

Synonym/Aliases

PHOSPHORUS INORGANIC, SERUM

Abbreviations

PO4

Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST

Results

RESULTS READY WITHIN 2-3 HOURS

Method

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC

Temp

SAMPLE KEPT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 2-3 HOURS; 2-8ºC 1 DAY; FROZEN 7 DAYS

Setup

ALL WORKING DAYS

Components Parameters

N/A

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

NOT APPLICABLE

Sample type

SERUM

Container/ preservative

SERUM SEPARATOR TUBE (SST/ GEL) OR PLAIN (RED TOP) VACUTAINER

Sample volume

AT LEAST 3 ML

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE (E.G. CITRATE, FLUORIDE/ OXALATE VACUTAINERS); INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE; GROSS LIPEMIA; GROSS HEMOLYSIS.

Other Instructions

SERUM GEL TUBES SHOULD BE CENTRIFUGED WITHIN 1-2 HOURS OF COLLECTION. RED-TOP TUBES SHOULD BE CENTRIFUGED AND ALIQUOTED WITHIN 1-2 HOURS OF COLLECTION.

Reference intervals

AGE AND GENDER APPROPRIATE VALUES PROVIDED WITH REPORT

Clinical Utility

DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF BONE, PARATHYROID AND KIDNEY DISEASES.

Test Limitations / Confounders

- N/A
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