Special chemistry (Endocrine)

08 Jun

ZINC, SERUM

June 8, 2023June 8, 2023vincentochiengde

Category

SPECIAL CHEMISTRY.

Sub Category

TRACE ELEMENTS.

Synonyms/Aliases

HEAVY METAL.

Abbreviations

ZN; ZN2+

^Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST.

^{5 DAYS}

RESULTS READY/ REPORTED IN 5 WORKING DAYS.

^Method

INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA/MASS-SPECTROMETRY (ICP/MS).

^Temp

AMBIENT, REFRIGERATED OR FROZEN.

^Setup

BATCHED.

Components Parameters

N/A.

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

N/A.

Sample type

SERUM.

Container/ preservative

NO ADDITIVE (ROYAL BLUE TOP) VACUTAINER PREFERRED.

Sample volume

2 ML SERUM.

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE. SAMPLES COLLECTED IN OTHER TUBES.

Other Instructions

ROYAL BLUE VACUTAINERS ARE ACID WASHED VIALS FOR TRACE ELEMENTS/ HEAVY METAL COLLECTION. CENTRIFUGE WITHIN 1-2 HOURS OF COLLECTION AND ALIQUOT SERUM. THE SEPARATION VIAL MUST BE LABELED WITH AT LEAST 2 PATIENT IDENTIFIERS AND THE SAMPLE TYPE.

Reference intervals

AGE & GENDER APPROPRIATE VALUES ARE PROVIDED ON THE REPORT.

Clinical Utility

EVALUATION OF SUSPECTED ZINC DEFICIENCY, EXCESS OR TOXICITY. TO DETECT AND MONITOR INDUSTRIAL, DIETARY AND ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE TO ZINC.

Test Limitations/ Confounders

LEVELS ARE INFLUENCED BY INFLAMMATION, INFECTION, COPPER SUPPLEMENTS, PREGNANCY, CONTRACEPTIVE USE, RADIOLOGICAL CONTRAST ADMINISTRATION WITHIN PRECEDING 96 HOURS. HEMOLYSIS CAN FALSELY INCREASE VALUES.

08 Jun

VITAMIN B6

June 8, 2023June 8, 2023vincentochiengde

Category

SPECIAL CHEMISTRY.

Sub Category

ANEMIA & NUTRITION.

Synonyms/Aliases

PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE; PYRIDOXINE.

Abbreviations

P 5-P; PLP.

^Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST.

^{10 DAYS}

RESULTS READY/ REPORTED IN 10 WORKING DAYS.

^Method

HPLC.

^Temp

REFRIGERATED, 2-8ºC 7 DAYS.

^Setup

BATCHED.

Components Parameters

N/A.

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

8-12 HOURS FASTING; WITHHOLD B6 SUPPLEMENT FOR 24 HOURS BEFORE COLLECTION.

Sample type

EDTA WHOLE BLOOD PROTECTED FROM LIGHT (E.G. COVERED IN ALUMINIUM FOIL).

Container/ preservative

EDTA

Sample volume

3ML.

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE; SPECIMENS WHICH ARE NOT PROTECTED FROM LIGHT; SAMPLES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.

Other Instructions

N/A.

Reference intervals

AGE AND GENDER APPROPRIATE VALUES ARE PROVIDED WITH THE REPORT.

Clinical Utility

DETERMINING THE OVERALL SUCCESS OF A VITAMIN B6 SUPPLEMENTATION PROGRAM. DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION OF HYPOPHOSPHATASIA.

Test Limitations/ Confounders

LEVELS ARE INFLUENCED BY RECENT INGESTION (DIETARY, SUPPLEMENTS). PHOTOSENSITIVE ANALYTE.

08 Jun

VALPROIC ACID

June 8, 2023June 8, 2023vincentochiengde

Category

SPECIAL CHEMISTRY.

Sub Category

DRUGS/ TDM/ TOXICOLOGY.

Synonyms/Aliases

VALPROATE; SODIUM VALPROATE.

Abbreviations

N/A.

^Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST.

^{7 DAYS}

RESULTS READY/ REPORTED IN 7 WORKING DAYS.

^Method

IMMUNOASSAY.

^Temp

REFRIGERATED.

^Setup

BATCHED.

Components Parameters

NOT APPLICABLE.

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY. DETAILED SPECIFIC HISTORY IS REQUIRED E.G. EXACT INDICATION FOR DRUG MONITORING, DRUG HISTORY (I.E. DOSE, ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION, DURATION SINCE TREATMENT WAS STARTED OR DOSE ADJUSTED, CONCURRENT MEDICATION), HEIGHT, WEIGHT.

Patient preparation

SPECIFIC TIMING APPLIES I.E. COLLECT TROUGH (PRE-DOSE) SAMPLE.

Sample type

SERUM.

Container/ preservative

PLAIN (RED TOP) VACUTAINER. SERUM SEPARATOR TUBES (SST/ GEL) ARE UNACCEPTABLE.

Sample volume

3ML SERUM.

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE (INCLUDING SST/ GEL TUBES); INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE; MISSING HISTORY AS EXPOUNDED UNDER TEST ORDERING INSTRUCTIONS.

Other Instructions

CENTRIFUGE SST (SERUM GEL TUBES) WITHIN 1-2 HOURS OF COLLECTION. CENTRIFUGE RED TOP VACUTAINERS AND ALIQUOT SERUM WITHIN 1-2 HOURS OF COLLECTION. THE SEPARATION VIAL MUST BE LABELED WITH AT LEAST 2 PATIENT IDENTIFIERS AND THE SAMPLE TYPE.

Reference intervals

INTERPRETIVE DATA IS PROVIDED ON THE REPORT.

Clinical Utility

OPTIMIZE DRUG DOSAGE (TO AVOID SUBTHERAPEUTIC & TOXIC DOSES I.E. ENSURE TARGET THERAPEUTIC RANGE IS ACHIEVED); TO VERIFY COMPLIANCE. VALPROIC ACID IS AN ANTI-EPILEPTIC (ANTI-CONVULSANT) DRUG.

Test Limitations/ Confounders

LEVELS ARE INFLUENCED BY DOSAGE REGIMEN, DRUG INTERACTIONS, INDIVIDUAL'S METABOLIZING CAPACITY, LIVER DYSFUNCTION. SST/ GEL TUBES CAN ADSORB THE DRUG LEADING TO FALSELY LOWERED DRUG LEVELS & SHOULD BE AVOIDED.

08 Jun

URINE PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS

June 8, 2023June 8, 2023vincentochiengde

Category

SPECIAL CHEMISTRY.

Sub Category

TUMOR MARKER.

Synonyms/Aliases

PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS, URINE.

Abbreviations

UPE.

^Type

PROFILE/ PANEL (BUNDLED TESTS).

^{7 DAYS}

RESULTS READY/ REPORTED IN 7 WORKING DAYS.

^Method

SCANNING DENSITOMETRY OR CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS.

^Temp

REFRIGERATED.

^Setup

BATCHED.

Components Parameters

TOTAL PROTEIN AND FRACTIONS (ALBUMIN, ALPHA 1, ALPHA 2, BETA 1, BETA 2, GAMMA GLOBULIN FRACTIONS).

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY. TOTAL VOLUME OF COLLECTED 24 HOUR URINE IS REQUIRED.

Patient preparation

ACCURATELY TIMED 24 HOUR COLLECTION (E.G. 6A.M., DAY 1 TO 6A.M., DAY 2) IS CRUCIAL FOR RESULT ACCURACY. COLLECT URINE IN A CLEAN WIDE MOUTH CONTAINER & TRANSFER ENTIRE COLLECTION INTO THE CONTAINER THAT WAS PROVIDED BY THE LAB. REFRIGERATE DURING COLLECTION.

Sample type

24 HOUR (PREFERRED) OR SPOT URINE (PLEASE SPECIFY IF 24 HOUR OR SPOT URINE).

Container/ preservative

STERILE DARK CONTAINER PROVIDED BY THE LAB.

Sample volume

10ML OF 24 HOUR URINE OR SPOT.

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE.

Other Instructions

NOT APPLICABLE.

Reference intervals

NEGATIVE FOR M-BAND OR M-SPIKE.

Clinical Utility

DIAGNOSE & MONITOR PATIENTS WITH MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHIES E.G. MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

Test Limitations/ Confounders

N/A.

08 Jun

URINE ORGANIC ACIDS

June 8, 2023June 8, 2023vincentochiengde

Category

SPECIAL CHEMISTRY.

Sub Category

METABOLIC.

SYNONYMS/ ALIASES

N/A.

Abbreviations

N/A.

^Type

PROFILE/ PANEL (BUNDLED TESTS).

^{7 DAYS}

RESULTS READY/ REPORTED IN 7 WORKING DAYS.

^Method

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY.

^Temp

FROZEN.

^Setup

BATCHED.

Components Parameters

MULTIPLE ORGANIC ACIDS.

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY. PROVIDE CLINICAL HISTORY.

Patient preparation

NOT APPLICABLE.

Sample type

SPOT URINE IMMEDIATELY FROZEN.

Container/ preservative

STERILE CONTAINER PROVIDED BY THE LAB (WITHOUT PRESERVATIVE).

Sample volume

20ML URINE.

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE; SAMPLES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.

Other Instructions

NOT APPLICABLE.

Reference intervals

AGE & GENDER APPROPRIATE VALUES ARE PROVIDED ON THE REPORT.

Clinical Utility

SUSPECTED INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM E.G. ORGANIC ACIDEMIAS, FATTY ACID OXIDATION DISORDERS, UREA CYCLE DEFECTS.

Test Limitations/ Confounders

OTHER DISORDERS CAN CAUSE POSITIVE RESULTS E.G. KETOACIDOSIS, NON-GENETIC LACTIC ACIDOSIS ETC.

08 Jun

URINE LIPOARABINOMANNAN

June 8, 2023June 8, 2023vincentochiengde

Category

SPECIAL CHEMISTRY.

Sub Category

INFECTIOUS.

SYNONYMS/ ALIASES

URINE LAM.

Abbreviations

LAM; LF-LAM.

^Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST.

^{4 HOURS.}

RESULTS READY/ REPORTED IN 4 HOURS.

^Method

IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY.

^Temp

ROOM TEMPERATURE (8 HOURS); REFRIGERATED (3 DAYS).

^Setup

DAILY.

Components Parameters

NOT APPLICABLE.

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

NOT APPLICABLE.

Sample type

URINE (FIRST MORNING VOID SPECIMEN PREFERRED).

Container/ preservative

STERILE CONTAINER PROVIDED BY THE LAB.

Sample volume

10ML.

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE.

Other Instructions

NOT APPLICABLE.

Reference intervals

NEGATIVE.

Clinical Utility

ADJUNCT IN DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH SUGGESTIVE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS.

Test Limitations/ Confounders

INDETERMINATE RESULTS CAN OCCUR. FALSE NEGATIVE RESULTS CAN OCCUR.

07 Jun

URINE IMMUNOFIXATION ELECTROPHORESIS

June 7, 2023June 7, 2023vincentochiengde

Category

SPECIAL CHEMISTRY.

Sub Category

TUMOR MARKER.

Synonyms/Aliases

IMMUNOFIXATION, URINE.

Abbreviations

UIFE; IFE.

^Type

PROFILE/ PANEL (BUNDLED TESTS).

^{7-10 DAYS}

RESULTS READY/ REPORTED IN 7-10 WORKING DAYS.

^Method

IMMUNOTYPING.

^Temp

REFRIGERATED.

^Setup

BATCHED.

Components Parameters

IgG, IgA, IgM HEAVY CHAINS; KAPPA & LAMBDA LIGHT CHAINS.

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY. 24 HOUR URINE PREFFERED, URINE VOLUME TO BE INDICATED.

Patient preparation

Sample type

24 HOUR URINE PREFFERED. (PLEASE SPECIFY IF 24 HOUR OR SPOT URINE).

Container/ preservative

CLEAN CONTAINER WITHOUT PRESERVATIVE PROVIDED BY THE LAB.

Sample volume

10ML ALIQUOT OF 24 HOUR URINE. ORIGINAL (TOTAL) VOLUME IN ML MUST BE SPECIFIED ON THE REQUEST FORM.

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE; 24 HOUR URINE VOLUME NOT PROVIDED.

Other Instructions

NOT APPLICABLE.

Reference intervals

NEGATIVE FOR M-BAND OR M-SPIKE.

Clinical Utility

DIAGNOSE & MONITOR PATIENTS WITH MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHIES E.G. MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

Test Limitations/ Confounders

N/A.

07 Jun

TROPONIN I

June 7, 2023June 7, 2023vincentochiengde

Category

SPECIAL CHEMISTRY.

Sub Category

CARDIAC ASSESSMENT.

Synonyms/Aliases

TROPONIN I, HIGH SENSITIVITY; CARDIAC TROPONIN I; HIGHLY SENSITIVE TROPONIN I.

Abbreviations

cTnI.

^Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST.

^{2 HOURS}

RESULTS READY/ REPORTED IN 2 HOURS.

^Method

IMMUNOASSAY

^Temp

REFRIGERATED.

^Setup

DAILY.

Components Parameters

NOT APPLICABLE.

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

NOT APPLICABLE.

Sample type

SERUM.

Container/ preservative

SERUM SEPARATOR TUBE (SST/ GEL) OR PLAIN (RED TOP) VACUTAINER.

Sample volume

AT LEAST 2 ML.

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE.

Other Instructions

Reference intervals

AGE, GENDER & METHOD APPROPRIATE VALUES ARE PROVIDED ON THE REPORT.

Clinical Utility

EVALUATE SUSPECTED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (HEART ATTACK)/ ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. FOR THIS INDICATION, TROPONIN IS CONSIDERED SUPERIOR TO CARDIAC ENZYMES (CK-MB, LDH, AST).

Test Limitations/ Confounders

DETECTS MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE THEREFORE ELEVATED LEVELS MAY OCCUR DUE TO CONDITIONS OTHER THAN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION E.G. MYOCARDITIS, CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, UNSTABLE ANGINA ETC. IT MAY ALSO BE ELEVATED DUE TO NON-CARDIAC CAUSES LIKE PULMONARY EMBOLISM. IMMUNOASSAY INTERFERENCE CAN GIVE RISE TO SPURIOUS RESULTS. SUCH INTERFERENCE CAN ARISE FROM PRESENCE OF HETEROPHILE ANTIBODIES, ANTI-ANIMAL ANTIBODIES, AUTOANTIBODIES, PARAPROTEINS, BIOTIN ETC. RESULTS SHOULD ALWAYS BE CORRELATED WITH CLINICAL, ECG & OTHER FINDINGS.

07 Jun

THYROID FUNCTION TESTS

June 7, 2023June 7, 2023vincentochiengde

Category

SPECIAL CHEMISTRY.

Sub Category

ENDOCRINE.

Synonyms/Aliases

N/A.

Abbreviations

TFT; TFTs.

^Type

PROFILE/ PANEL (BUNDLED TESTS).

^{3 HOURS}

RESULTS READY/ REPORTED IN3 HOURS.

^Method

IMMUNOASSAY

^Temp

REFRIGERATED.

^Setup

DAILY.

Components Parameters

TSH, FT4, FT3.

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY.

Patient preparation

NOT APPLICABLE.

Sample type

SERUM.

Container/ preservative

SERUM SEPARATOR TUBE (SST/ GEL) OR PLAIN (RED TOP) VACUTAINER.

Sample volume

AT LEAST 2 ML.

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE.

Other Instructions

Reference intervals

AGE & GENDER APPROPRIATE VALUES ARE PROVIDED ON THE REPORT.

Clinical Utility

SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM, HYPERTHYROIDISM. ASSESSMENT OF TREATMENT RESPONSE.

Test Limitations/ Confounders

07 Jun

THYROGLOBULIN

June 7, 2023June 7, 2023vincentochiengde

Category

SPECIAL CHEMISTRY.

Sub Category

TUMOR MARKER.

Synonyms/Aliases

N/A.

Abbreviations

TG.

^Type

INDIVIDUAL TEST.

^{5 DAYS}

RESULTS READY/ REPORTED IN 5 WORKING DAYS.

^Method

IMMUNOASSAY.

^Temp

FROZEN PREFERRED. SAMPLES AT AMBIENT (ROOM) TEMPERATURE ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE.

^Setup

BATCHED.

Components Parameters

N/A.

PRE-ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS

Test Ordering Instructions

FILL OUT TEST REQUEST FORM FULLY & LEGIBLY. CO-ORDER THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODIES (ATA; ATG) WHICH CAN LEAD TO FALSE NEGATIVE RESULTS. ACCURACY OF THYROGLOBULIN RESULTS IS DEPENDENT ON ATA/ ATG STATUS.

Patient preparation

NOT APPLICABLE.

Sample type

SERUM.

Container/ preservative

SERUM SEPARATOR TUBE (SST/ GEL) OR PLAIN (RED TOP) VACUTAINER.

Sample volume

AT LEAST 2 ML.

Rejection criteria

LABELING ISSUE (UNLABELED/ MISLABELED); MISSING REQUEST FORM; MISMATCH BETWEEN REQUEST FORM & SAMPLE DETAILS; MISSING AGE/ GENDER; WRONG SAMPLE TYPE; INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE.

Other Instructions

Reference intervals

AGE & GENDER APPROPRIATE VALUES ARE PROVIDED ON THE REPORT.

Clinical Utility

MONITORING TREATMENT RESPONSE & ASSESSING TUMOR RECURRENCE IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID CANCER E.G. WHO HAVE UNDERGONE TOTAL THYROIDECTOMY.

Test Limitations/ Confounders

IMMUNOASSAY INTERFERENCE CAN GIVE RISE TO SPURIOUS RESULTS. SUCH INTERFERENCE CAN ARISE FROM PRESENCE OF HETEROPHILE ANTIBODIES, ANTI-ANIMAL ANTIBODIES, AUTOANTIBODIES, PARAPROTEINS, BIOTIN ETC. THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODIES (ATA; ATG) CAN LEAD TO FALSE NEGATIVE THYROGLOBULIN RESULTS WHEN THE TESTING METHODOLOGY IS AN IMMUNOASSAY. RESULTS SHOULD ALWAYS BE CORRELATED WITH CLINICAL FINDINGS.

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